Energy transmission system for an artificial heart- leakage inductance compensation

A power supply system using a transcutaneous transformer to power an artificial heart through intact skin has been designed. In order to realize both high-voltage gain and minimum circulating current, compensation of leakage inductances on both sides of a transcutaneous transformer is proposed. A frequency region which realizes the robustness against coupling coefficient and load variation is identified. In this region, the converter has inherent advantages such as zerovoltage switching (ZVS) or zero-current switching (ZCS) of the switches, high-voltage gain, minimum circulating current, and high efficiency.

Artificial heart, energy transmission system, high efficiency, high-frequency converter, high-power density, high-voltage gain, inductance compensation, soft-switched converter, transcutaneous transformer, zero-current switching (ZCS), zero-voltage switching (ZVS).

Electronic fuel injection system

In the electronic fuel injection system we use different sensor unit to assess accurate data from various engine parts and which is applied to Engine Control Unit (ECU), such as air manifold pressure, engine speed, crank shaft angle. ECU uses the data to calculate the required amount of fuel in the particular engine condition. This seminar deals with the basic principle of Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI).

Electric tractions:A pollutions free and energy efficient mode of transportations

Continuous development in semiconductor technology for the last three decades or more have led to the availability of a host of high power semiconductor devices and fast versatile VLSI (very large scale integration ) chips enabling proper control of such power devices. These developments have enabled a phenomenal growth of power electronics which basically deals with processing of electric power to make it suitably for various applications. A major application of power electronics in this period has been in the field of railways tractions all over the world. This had led to benefits like smoother drives for passenger comfort, energy conservation, higher operational speeds, cost effective maintenance besides helping the growth of electronics industry in general. Indian railways are helping the growth of electronics industry in general. Indian railways are one of the largest railways systems in the world and offer a big scope for applications of power electronics. From the late 60s few efforts have been made to introduce such systems with mixed results. Greater challenge lies before the Indian industry to make use of this particular application area for its growth.
Electric tractions is a pollutions free and energy efficient mode of transportations, it offers excellent alternative source of energy other than fossil fuels. Indian railways decided to go in for 25kv ac systems and selected main line heavy density routes.

Electronic nose(E-noses) A System that detect and identify odours and vapours

The harnessing of electronics to measure odour is greatly to be desired. Human panels backed up by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are helpful in quantifying smells, but they time are consuming, expensive and seldom performed in real time in the field. So it is important that these traditional methods give way to a speedier procedure using and electronic nose composed of gas sensors. Electronic nose are E-noses are the systems that detect and identify odours and vapours, typically linking chemical sensing devices with signal processing, pattern recognition and artificial intelligence techniques which enable uses to readily extract relevant and reliable information.

E-paper

E-paper is a revolutionary material that can be used to make next generation electronic displays. It is portable reusable storage and display medium that look like paper but can be repeatedly written one thousands of times. These displays make the beginning of a new area for battery power information applications such as cell phones, pagers, watches and hand-held computers etc.

Two companies are carrying our pioneering works in the field of development of electronic ink and both have developed ingenious methods to produce electronic ink. One is E-ink, a company based at Cambridge, in U.S.A. The other company is Xerox doing research work at the Xerox’s palo Atto Research Centre. Both technologies being developed commercially for electronically configurable paper like displays rely on microscopic beads that change colour in response to the charges on nearby electrodes.

Like traditional paper, E-paper must be lightweight, flexible, glare free and low cost. Research found that in just few years this technology could replace paper in many situations and leading us ink a truly paperless world.

Elliptical Curve Cryptography

Elliptical curve cryptography (ECC) is a public key encryption technique based on elliptic curve theory that can be used to create faster, smaller, and more efficient cryptographic keys. ECC generates keys through the properties of the elliptic curve equation instead of the traditional method of generation as the product of very large prime numbers. The technology can be used in conjunction with most public key encryption methods, such as RSA, and Diffie-Hellman. ECC can yield a level of security with a 164-bit key that other systems require a 1,024-bit key to achieve. Because ECC helps to establish equivalent security with lower computing power and battery resource usage, it is becoming widely used for mobile applications. ECC was developed by Certicom, a mobile e-business security provider, and was recently licensed by Hifn, a manufacturer of integrated circuitry and network security products. Many manufacturers, including 3COM, Cylink, Motorola, Pitney Bowes, Siemens, TRW, and VeriFone have included support for ECC in their products.

Earth Simulator

Earth Simulator is the fastest supercomputer in the world. NEC had first built this Japanese machine. Earth simulator uses Parallel Vector Architecture to achieve a peak performance of 40 F Flops. This system configured in 640 nodes of 8 vector processors each connected together by crossbar switch. Each node has a shared memory of 16 GB (total 10 TB). This Japanese machine was built to analyze climate change, including global warming, as well as weather and earthquake patterns. Earth simulator has the power to create a “virtual planet earth” using its large processing capability. The vector processor used in this is fabricated in a single chip with 0.15-micron CMOS technology.



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Extensible Firmware Interface

A BIOS Alternative There has been rapid evolution of the personal computer platform since the 1980s. But there is one element of the PC that has not changed for the past years, namely the BIOS (basic input/output system). Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) is the name for a system developed by Intel that is designed to replace the aging BIOS system used by personal computers. It is responsible for the power-on self-test (POST) process, bootstrapping the operating system, and providing an interface between the operating system and the physical hardware. The Intel Platform Innovation Framework for the Extensible Firmware Interface (referred to as \"the Framework\") is Intel\'s recommended implementation of the EFI Specification for platforms based on all members of the Intel® Architecture (IA) family. It offers an opportunity to provide an alternative to BIOS that will allow for faster booting, manageability, and additional features.

Electronic money

Electronic money (also known as e-money, electronic cash, electronic currency, digital money, digital cash or digital currency) refers to money or scrip which is exchanged only electronically. Typically, this involves use of computer networks, the internet and digital stored value systems. Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and direct deposit are examples of electronic money. Also, it is a collective term for financial cryptography and technologies enabling it.

While electronic money has been an interesting problem for cryptography (see for example the work of David Chaum and Markus Jakobsson), to date, use of digital cash has been relatively low-scale. One rare success has been Hong Kong's Octopus card system, which started as a transit payment system and has grown into a widely used electronic cash system. Singapore also has an electronic money implementation for its public transportation system (commuter trains, bus, etc), which is very similar to Hong Kong's Octopus card and based on the same type of card (FeliCa). There is also one implementation in the Netherlands, known as Chipknip.

Efficient New Light Unfolds Like Paper

The next time your lamp needs a new light bulb, you might change the lamp shade instead of the light bulb.

New research out of Germany and published in a recent issue of the journal Nature shows that cheap and thin organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) can create white light as bright as any compact fluorescent bulb for nearly half the electricity as many compact fluorescent light bulbs.

"This uses cheap, well-known, and well-established materials," said Sebastian Reineke, a coauthor on the paper from the Institut fur Angewandte Photophysik.

"First, we optimized the light that the white OLED emits, and then did some optical tricks to ensure that more of the light was emitted," instead of getting stuck inside the materials themselves.