MIDI

MIDI is an acronym that stands for musical instrument digital interface. It is means for instruments to communicate to each other and or computers. MIDI can do many things one of the most popular things is sequencing. A sequencer is any hardware or software that allows recording music into memory. We can do things with good sequences that we can’t do even with the most expensive multi-track tape recorders, such as transposing without changing tempo and sound quality. Likewise we can large the tempo without affecting these patch or sound quality. MIDI can allow creating ensembles using two or more instruments and/or computers with many of today’s computers, wee can download songs and play them in our computer internally using a “MIDI Player” if we don’t like the downloaded MIDI song completely we can edit to our liking with a sequencer. MIDI will allow playing an instrument that normally would not know how to play. For example, a MIDI guitar will allow a guitar player to enjoy the sound of other instruments, such as a piano it can be as blessing for people who either have only one band or can only process one hand at a time.

MAGNATORESISTIVE RAM (MRAM)

MRAM that uses magnetic properties to store data. This new type of chip will compete with other forms established forms of semiconductor memory, such as Flash and RAM.Most engineers believe that the technology, called MRAM could reduce the cost and power consumption of electronics for cell phones, music players, laptops, and servers. The feature that makes MRAM an alluring alternative to other forms of semiconductor memory is the way it stores data. Flash memory and RAM, for example,Hold information as electric charge. In contrast, MRAM uses the magnetic orientation Of electrons to represent bits. Hold data with out a power supply and can be written to and read from an unlimited number of times. Reading and writing data from MRAM is also fast, taking a matter of nanoseconds. MRAM is able to hold data without power.

Mathematical markup languages

A mathematical markup language is a computer notation for representing mathematical formulae, based on mathematical notation. Specialized markup languages are necessary because computers normally deal with linear text and more limited character sets (although increasing support for Unicode is obsoleting very simple uses). A formally standardized syntax also allows a computer to interpret otherwise ambiguous content, for rendering or even evaluating. For computer-interpretable syntaxes, the most popular are TeX/LaTeX and MathML.



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MPEG-7

MPEG-7 is a multimedia content description standard. This description will be associated with the content itself, to allow fast and efficient searching for material that is of interest to the user. MPEG-7 is formally called Multimedia Content Description Interface. Thus, it is not a standard which deals with the actual encoding of moving pictures and audio, like MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-4. It uses XML to store metadata, and can be attached to timecode in order to tag particular events, or synchronise lyrics to a song, for example.

It was designed to standardize:
a set of Description Schemes (short DS in the standard) and Descriptors (short D in the standard)
a language to specify these schemes, called the Description Definition Language (short DDL in the standard)
a scheme for coding the description

The combination of MPEG-4 and MPEG-7 has been referred to as MPEG-47.

MPEG-7 objectives
Provide a fast and efficient searching, filtering and content identification method.
Describe main issues about the content (low-level characteristics, structure, models, collections, etc.).
Index a big range of applications.
Audiovisual information that MPEG-7 deals is : Audio, voice, video, images, graphs and 3D models
Inform about how objects are combined in a scene.
Independence between description and the information itself.


MPEG-7 applications

There are many applications and application domains which will benefit from the MPEG-7 standard. A few application examples are:
Digital library: Image/video catalogue, musical dictionary.
Multimedia directory services: e.g. yellow pages.
Broadcast media selection: Radio channel, TV channel.
Multimedia editing: Personalized electronic news service, media authoring.
Security services: Traffic control, production chains...
E-business: Searching process of products.
Cultural services: Art-galleries, museums...
Educational applications.
Biomedical applications.