Aerospace Flywheel Development

Presently, energy storage on the Space Station and satellites is accomplished using chemical batteries; most commonly nickel hydrogen or nickel cadmium. A flywheel energy storage system is an alternative technology that is being considered for future space missions. Flywheels offer the advantage of a longer lifetime, higher efficiency and a greater depth of discharge than batteries. A flywheel energy storage system is being considered as a replacement for the traditional electrochemical battery system in spacecraft electrical power systems. The flywheel system is expected to improve both the depth of discharge and working life by a factor of 3 compared with its battery counterpart. Although flywheels have always been used in spacecraft navigation and guidance systems, their use for energy storage is new. However, the two functions can easily be combined into a single system. Several advanced technologies must be demonstrated for the flywheel energy storage system to be a viable option for future space missions. These include high strength composite materials, highly efficient high speed motor operation and control, and magnetic bearing levitation.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI):most modern scanning techniques

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most modern techniques which uses the principle of magnetic resonance to create the images of body parts for diagnostic purposes. When the resonating magnetic object is a an automatic nucleus, it is called nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) the use of NMR to produce images of the body is called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Magnetic nuclei in the human body act like tiny bar magnets with north and south poles. When the body is placed in a large magnetic field, these bar magnet 1ine with the external magnetic field. Then by passing a radio frequency pulse through the body some of these little magnets absorb energy and change direction. When the radio waves are turned of, the body’s nuclei return to the original orientation releasing the absorbed energy and this is processed by a computer in to image.

Maglev: A combination of super conducting magnets and linear motor technology

Ever since the discovery of the wheel, man has been in constant pursuit to achieve better and faster means of transportation. Maglev means magnetic levitation. It is the system which magnetically levitates the vehicle. These ultra high speed trains are acting as an indispossible resource to make the world smaller.

Maglev is a generic term for a family of technologies in which a vehicle is suspended, Guided and propelled by magnetic forces. the basic idea of a maglev is to levitate it with magnetic fields. So there is no physical contacts between the train and rails. Recent developments in cryogenics, superconductivity, power electronics, aerodynamics and vehicle dynamics has led to a renewed. Maglev can move people and goods with much mobility and speed, using much less energy at lower cost and with greatly reduced pollution compared to the existing modes of transport.

Fault localization on ungrounded and high resistance grounded low voltage systems

One of the most common and difficult problems to solve in industrial power systems is the location and elimination of ground fault. Ground faults that occur in ungrounded and high resistance grounded systems do not draw enough current to trigger circuit breaker or fuse operation, making them difficult to localize. Techniques currently used to track down faults are time consuming and cumbersome. A new approach developed for ground fault localization on ungrounded and high resistance grounded low voltage systems is described. The system consists of a novel ground fault relay that operates in conjunction with low cost indicators permanently mounted in the circuit. The remote fault relay employs digital signal processing to detect the fault, identify the faulted phase and measure the electrical distance of the fault from the substation. The remote fault indicators are used to visually indicate where the fault is located. The resulting system provides a fast, easy, economical and safe detection system for ground fault localization.

FACTS :A concept introduced by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)

FACTS is a concept introduced by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), USA.It is actually a group of advanced transmission technologies that rely on high speed, solid-state electronics, rather than electromechanical devices. By this concept, the apparent impedance of a transmission line is controlled according to certain algorithm. Thus the power system operation is made more reliable, controllable and efficient.

FACT system is a promising method, which can be implemented into the system for enhancing system stability by damping out system oscillations. At the heart of FACT are thyristors, which permit control and switching of megawatt levels of power within milliseconds.

Electronic fuel injection system

In the electronic fuel injection system we use different sensor unit to assess accurate data from various engine parts and which is applied to Engine Control Unit (ECU), such as air manifold pressure, engine speed, crank shaft angle. ECU uses the data to calculate the required amount of fuel in the particular engine condition. This seminar deals with the basic principle of Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI).

Electric tractions:A pollutions free and energy efficient mode of transportations

Continuous development in semiconductor technology for the last three decades or more have led to the availability of a host of high power semiconductor devices and fast versatile VLSI (very large scale integration ) chips enabling proper control of such power devices. These developments have enabled a phenomenal growth of power electronics which basically deals with processing of electric power to make it suitably for various applications. A major application of power electronics in this period has been in the field of railways tractions all over the world. This had led to benefits like smoother drives for passenger comfort, energy conservation, higher operational speeds, cost effective maintenance besides helping the growth of electronics industry in general. Indian railways are helping the growth of electronics industry in general. Indian railways are one of the largest railways systems in the world and offer a big scope for applications of power electronics. From the late 60s few efforts have been made to introduce such systems with mixed results. Greater challenge lies before the Indian industry to make use of this particular application area for its growth.
Electric tractions is a pollutions free and energy efficient mode of transportations, it offers excellent alternative source of energy other than fossil fuels. Indian railways decided to go in for 25kv ac systems and selected main line heavy density routes.